After some google searching, I found this service ⇒ www.HelpWriting.net ⇐ who helped me write my research paper. Sources: This page was last edited on 26 September 2019, at 14:28. Rule by the will of the people OR for the government in power - who is the government working for? Learn more. Change ), You are commenting using your Google account. Poverty People receive little education and health care. Most of these countries also have high population growth. This is a region with low income and yet a reasonably high standard of living because of the emphasis on human development: Stimulating Growth while Reducing Poverty, From Wikibooks, open books for an open world, 5.3 Barriers to Economic growth and/or Development, https://en.wikibooks.org/w/index.php?title=IB_Economics/Development_Economics/Barriers_to_Economic_Growth&oldid=3580395. If MEDC populations are adjusted to include their ecological footprint, the real populations and population densities are even higher: For the US using 6.7 times the world average of resources per person: 1,900 million people, For India using 0.25 times the world average of resources per person: 212 million people, Malthusian approach: the law of diminishing returns suggests that the world will run out of resources in the face of the rapid increase in population, Demographers find that the big increase in population is over - while the long term effects will lead to increased populations in the future, the growth rate has already started to stabilize and will reach replacement level by the year 2050, While resources have been fixed, the gains from specialization, economies of scale and learning by doing have more than outweighed diminishing returns in the last 100 years, There does not appear to be a clear correlation between birth rates and per capita income - death rates have fallen quite independently of incomes, It appears that a more equitable distribution of income, greater literacy for women, and more job opportunities for women results in a lower population growth rate, It is estimated that in MEDCs, 27% of the population lives in the rural sector with possibly as much as 5% involved in agriculture, In LEDCs the figure is 66% living in rural areas, with nearly 70% involved in agriculture, Many of the most severe development problems arise from a weak agricultural sector - growth through the agriculture sector has not led to increases in per capita income. From this, there is low consumer expenditure in the market. Clipping is a handy way to collect important slides you want to go back to later. Barriers to economic growth and Kirsten. These barriers are: Economic / financial barriers; Social barriers Institutional and Political Factors: Corruption is one of the key issues in Haiti. The rise in income led to increased consumption: Demand for income elastic industrial products rose quickly, Demand for income inelastic agricultural goods grew only slowly, This led to a rapid rural-urban shift which often destroyed traditional values, Many LEDCs are not truly nations, they are artificial creations of former colonial powers, Have not had enough time to adapt to modern concepts such as science, individualism, economic mobility, and the work ethic. Taxation is often a difficult problem in LEDCs: In many countries very little tax revenue is collected and government is forced to raise revenue by printing money or imposing export tariffs which inevitably reduces the incomes of rural people because most LEDCs export raw materials and agricultural products, A proper income tax system can provide the revenue for govt. Import costs can quickly exceed export revenues, and this can lead to increased debt. ( Log Out / Slideshare uses cookies to improve functionality and performance, and to provide you with relevant advertising. Poverty cycle : In Haiti, 80% of the people live under the poverty line. 1 5.3 Barriers to Economic growth and/or Development. Fill in your details below or click an icon to log in: You are commenting using your WordPress.com account. Furthermore, since Haiti is not achieving large economic growth, the deficit is unlikely to show positive economic growth. Because this is so difficult to measure accurately, many researchers simply estimate that 20% of the world’s population falls below this line, UNDP reports that most live in 10 countries, with the proportions falling below the poverty line in brackets: Bangladesh (80%), Ethiopia (60%), Vietnam (55%), Philippines (54%), Brazil (49%), India (40%), Nigeria (40%), Pakistan (29%),Indonesia (24%) and China (10%), A characteristic of most LEDCs is the unequal distribution of income, What is interesting is the middle income LEDCs appear to have greater income inequality than very poor or high income countries, Income inequality is greatest in Latin American countries, Suggests that the lack of ACCESS to many goods and services expected by the rest of the respective society leads to social exclusion and damaging results for the individuals and families mired in relative poverty, Most poor people are found in rural areas: farmers with small holdings, landless peasants, artisans, fishermen, nomads and indigenous people - the poor are not idle, they work hard, Those with a traditional way of life are not necessarily poor - for thousands of years they adequately sustained themselves - it is only recently that they have become poor due to policies which have deprived them of the means of earning a living (land, fisheries, hunting ranges, forests), Poverty in city slums is highly correlated with poverty in the countryside and is linked through migration, Women are often the poorest of the poor, as men control most of the land, capital and technology, and receive a better education in most countries - this can have a major impact on population control, Investments in infrastructure, social services, and technology in rural areas can go a long way to helping those mired in the poverty cycle, Composite indicator, linking ten measures of human welfare - income (GDP/capita), inflation rate, life expectancy, demand for new jobs/urban population pressures, infant mortality/infant immunization, nutrition/daily calorie supply, access to clean water, energy use/telephones/1000 people, adult literacy/secondary school enrollment, and personal political freedom/civil rights, HSI numbers are worst in Mozambique (93), followed by Somalia, Afghanistan, Haiti, and Sudan. (66% of the economy is agriculture). Poor road conditions have had negative effects on farmers, who find transportations of their goods to markets and towns to be difficult. religion, gender, culture and tradition can prevent economic growth and development. Desai (1959:130) are: (a) The social and institutional framework and values inherited from the past […] However, there are other factors that prevent Haiti’s economic growth. 1. With unreliable flows of earning through exports, it is difficult to invest in new industries.
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