What are the Origins of the Abolitionist Movement? Members of the public would make accusations and this resulted in people being charged with the capital offense of witchcraft or sorcery. Persecution continued through the Protestant Reformation in the 16th century, and the Protestants and Catholics both continued witch trials with varying numbers of executions from one period to the next. Monter, E. William. Brewers were also often accused of practicing witchcraft, because their product intoxicated men and that was thought to make them more vulnerable to the devil’s work. [1] She was executed along with her family.[2]. The witch craze in Europe was significantly different than the witch-hunts in America, resulting in the most famous of witch trials. Penalties for the practice of witchcraft as traditionally constituted, which by that time was considered by many influential figures to be an impossible crime, were replaced by penalties for the pretence of witchcraft.

Thousands of people were executed as the Witch Craze spread like wildfire around Europe between 1450 and 1750. “Swimming” potential witches involved stripping them and tying their thumbs to their toes and dunking them in the water. The second includes the power to fly in the air, to change form into a hare, to suckle familiar spirits from warts, to sail on a single plank and perhaps most absurd of all, to go to sea in an eggshell. Not surprisingly, these charges were based upon usually false evidence. 8). Grim. Bailey, Michael D. Magic and Superstition in Europe: A Concise History from Antiquity to the Present.

People’s health posters. He thought they threatened his political power so he laid the foundation for witchcraft and occultism policies, especially in Scotland. (London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1971), p. 167, Trevor-Roper, Hugh. Those who did not follow the prescribed practices and beliefs were marginalized and often terrorized by the elite. [2], There had been a widespread belief in the existence of witches and the power of black magic in much of Europe as the beliefs of the Church had failed to change the folk-beliefs of the country-people, who often remained half-pagan. Ointments were mainly applied by rubbing on the skin, especially in sensitive areas—underarms, the pubic region,[23] the forehead,[21] the mucous membranes of the vagina and anus, or on areas rubbed raw ahead of time. Midwives were among the favorite targets because stillbirths were thought to be their way of sacrificing babies to the devil.
How did the Bubonic Plague make the Italian Renaissance possible? Occult power was supposedly a womanly trait because women were weaker and more susceptible to the devil. [1], Read the rest of the article at DailyHistory.org, Categories: European History, History of Religion. In terms of sales, Malleus Maleficarum was quite the chart topper, coming in at second place to the Bible. The European Witch Craze. At the end of the Middle Ages, the recurring beliefs about witches were: The Malleus Maleficarum (1486) declared that the four essential points of witchcraft were renunciation of the Catholic faith, devotion of body and soul to evil, offering up unbaptized children to the Devil, and engaging in orgies that included intercourse with the Devil; in addition, witches were accused of shifting their shapes, flying through the air, abusing Christian sacraments, and confecting magical ointments. Approximately a century later in the New World, the same issue arises in the 1690s. However, it was also a period of religious intolerance and mass hysteria, and this is exemplified in the witch-craze that occurred in Europe in the period from 1550-1700. There is evidence of a direct link between those societies who were most impacted by war and the number of witches put on trial.

By 1500 there was a widespread acceptance that there was a conspiracy of witches who in league with the devil were trying to harm Christians and even overthrow the Christian religion. In 1486, the Summis desiderantes affectibus was published as part of the preface to Heinrich Kraemer and Jakob Sprenger’s The Malleus Maleficarum, a treatise on witchcraft. [4], This conforms to the thoughts of Saint Augustine of Hippo, who taught that witchcraft did not exist and that the belief in it was heretical.[5]. When another person saw the other accused of practicing witchcraft actually performing the deed the sentence was carried out, the women were not given a chance to defend themselves. King James with his personal reasons for examining witchcraft used torture during his reign in order to gain confessions from his subjects of practicing witchcraft and maleficium. The familiar witch of folklore and popular superstition is a combination of numerous influences. Witches were credited with a variety of magical powers. The earliest written reference to witches as such, from Ælfric's homilies,[26] portrays them as malign. Europe's Inner Demons: An Enquiry Inspired by the Great Witch-Hunt. During the beginning of the witch craze in Europe, it was mainly created by the Reformation and changing from the Medieval Ages to the Renaissance period. Home › European History › What were the causes of the Witch Craze in Europe, 1550-1700? And I shall go in the Devil's name. Professor Teofilo F. Ruiz – The Witch Craze. It was a terrifying phenomenon that continues to cast a shadow over certain parts of Europe even today. The European Witch-Craze. Persecution of witchcraft nevertheless persisted throughout most of the Early Middle Ages, into the 10th century.


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