origin of majuli

The databases of the study comprised historical reports, SOI topographic maps of 1917, 1966-1972 and satellite images of 1996 and 2001. Majuli o Majoli (en asamés: মাজুলী [1] ) es una isla fluvial de la India localizada en el río Brahmaputra, en el estado de Assam.Majuli es una de las islas fluviales más largas en el mundo y la isla más grande de agua dulce en el sur de Asia. The ADS is operated by the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory under NASA Cooperative It also ranks second only to the Hwang Ho, or Yellow River, of China in terms of sediment load. All aspects of cultural life are regulated and organized by the satra, and each and every household of the island is associated with a satra. From the above image, it is clear that there has been an increase in settlements across the island. Bigger and financially stronger satras, like the Auniati Satra, have managed to relocate inside Majuli—the Auniati Satra alone has relocated three times in the last fifty years—but many smaller satras either close down or move off of Majuli. Writing his “Report of Assam” in 1853, A. J. Moffat Mills calculated the area of Majuli as 282,165 acres (1,142 square kilometers). The larger swamps owe their origin to pre-existing rivers. At the peak of flooding, the Brahmaputra River is 18 to 20 km wide at the town of Dibrugarh and displaces 2 to 3 million people every year (Hazarika, 2005). First, while all Hindu societies in India have worshipped Vishnu as well as Shiva, Assam’s extreme emphasis on monotheism means that neo-Vaishnavism has abstained from any reference to Shiva. Generally unskilled, most migrants find jobs as security personnel in industrial complexes or near ATM machines. The island is a bio-diversity hotspot and has rich ecology with rare breeds of flora and fauna. Then the Koch king Nara Narayan, camping at Majuli, signed the The Treaty of Majuli with the Ahom king Sukhaamphaa, in the year 1563. Land Question in Assam: A Short Note. The island situates itself is in the state of Assam, mid-stream of the Great male river Brahmaputra river, which is also one of the largest rivers in the world. However, the exact extent of damage caused by riverbank erosion is debated. Many areas along the bank have been identified for increasing green cover, and from the image it is clear that these efforts have been successful. Riverbank erosion in the Brahmaputra has impacted the island of Majuli in three ways. Similarly, stream frequency also decreased from 0.346/km2 in 1917 to 0.144/km2 in 1966–1972. Guwahati, India: Bina Library. The first neo-Vaishnavite monastery in Majuli was established by Shankardeb and his student Madhavdeb. … Majuli has a fairly large number of swamps and wetlands. The larger swamps owe their origin to pre-existing rivers. Much land was eroded, so it had an area of only 352 square kilometres (136 sq mi) in 2014. Majuli has seen continuous human settlement at least since 1228 C.E., when the Ahom King Sukhpa reached its shore (Nath 2009). Report on the Province of Assam, Calcutta, India: Official Publications. However, these various state and central government agencies involved in erosion management have different estimates of Majuli’s area (see Table 1). When the two rivers joined, the intervening land area formed the Majuli Island. Similar changes were noticed in the length and width of the island. In the fifteenth century, the religious Assamese reformer Shankerdeb started the Vaishnavite cult, also called neo-Vaishnavism, on the island. This is due to population growth on a shrinking island. MIPADC has also been the sole motivator and advocacy role player in preserving and bringing concern for the Island from various quarters as a fit case for UNESCO – World Heritage site due to its uniqueness in cultural and natural heritage. [6], From Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia, "Origin and some geomorphological changes of Majuli Island of the Brahmaputra River in Assam, India", "World's largest river island, Majuli, becomes India's first island district", "Majuli, world's largest river island is shrinking and sinking", 'A Capricious River, an Indian Island’s Lifeline, Now Eats Away at It', https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Majuli&oldid=5783832, Articles containing Assamese-language text, Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License. However, the river does not have a well-developed profile, like the peninsular rivers of India, and therefore, continuously shifts course. The island is a paradise of biodiversity of flora and fauna, which is nurtured by vast Brahmaputra River. For this study, we have extracted Majuli Island from Landsat images from 1975, 2000, and 2015. The erosion of agricultural land in Assam, and Majuli in particular, is contributing to the unplanned and haphazard migration to metropolitan cities of India. In 2000, forest cover, once widespread across the island, had virtually disappeared and been replaced by agricultural fields and new settlements. Mājuli or Majoli (Assamese: মাজুলী, is an island in the Brahmaputra River, Assam, India.. The tribes here are at risk. New Delhi-110 011 As time went on, his ideas spread to the whole of Assam. According to the first geographical report, Majuli was a cluster of 15 large and numerous small islands in 1792. Because of the absence of consistent perspectives regarding Majuli’s area, we utilized remotely sensed images and fieldwork to evaluate the extent of erosion in Majuli. In 1917, the island had an area of 751.31 km 2, which gradually shrank to 564.01 km 2 in 1966-1972, 453.76 km 2 in 1996 and 421.65 km 2 in 2001. In 1917, the number of named streams draining Majuli was 49, which decreased to only 7 in 1966–1972. The demand for land in Majuli is so high that even the areas along the riverbank have been used for housing. The average annual rate of erosion was 1.77 km2 from 1917 to 1972, 1.84 km2 from 1972 to 1996 and 6.42 km2 from 1996 to 2001, indicating a gradual increase in the rate of erosion in later periods. multiple channels churning around numerous midchannel and lateral sandbars, locally known as “chars” (Goswami 2008) or “chapooris” in Majuli. Another impact of closure or relocation outside Majuli of a satra is the feeling of alienation from the neo-Vaishnavite roots for the adherents of such satras. Guwahati 781006 However, in the last nearly 800 years of recorded history, the occupation structure of the island has seen very little change. For the purpose of this study, eight classes of land—fallow land, sand, agriculture, grassland, wetland, water body, forest, and built-up areas (settlements)—have been identified from the two images. On a less sanguine note, Majuli is an island of natural hazards. Since then, no comparable survey has been done, and the land area data for Majuli provided by different government agencies. These islets are locally known as “chapooris,” and though they are unfit for any permanent settlement, they are used during the dry season for the cultivation of sugarcane and mustard. This means that the entire population of Majuli is rural, and almost totally dependent on agriculture and allied activities for survival. By continuing you agree to the use of cookies. As discussed earlier, many new settlements have been constructed to house the rapidly increasing population. Table 2: Loss of Land in Different Mauzas in Majuli (Official Figure as of July 24, 2014). The closing down or relocation of satra off of Majuli symbolizes not just the end of a Satra in Majuli, but the closure of a powerful institution of cultural continuity. Such a scenario, of shrinking space and expanding population, has put great strain on the land and people of Majuli, and this is manifest in the changing land-use and land-cover patterns of the island. Map 5: Land Use Pattern of Majuli in 1975. The primary objective of the organization is to build up mass awareness about the perilous future of this unique Island and its shrinking shoreline due to rapid erosion They are also trying their best to preserve the illustrious authenticity of its cultural and spiritual heritage by various means. You can also find A to Z information like tourism, Traditional, Cultural about Assam on Majuli Island. Official figures collected for the census data by the then Government of India show that in 1950, when the Assam earthquake struck the Brahmaputra Valley, the area of Majuli was almost 1,250 square kilometers. Majuli is a multiethnic society, yet it is culturally homogeneous. Goswami, D. 2008. The residents of these villages have moved off the island or become refugees and are now living in camps as migrants on their own land. The above map, obtained from the office of the subdivisional magistrate of Majuli, shows the mauza and panchayat boundaries of Majuli. Bank line migration leading to silting is confined chiefly to the north bank due to the Subansiri River, the maximum rate of advance being 0.146 km/year. Goswami, D. C. 2001. “Majulir Bhoo-Prakritik Parichay.” In Majuli, edited by K. C. Kalita. To accomplish this, we used remote-sensing images obtained from the United States Geological Survey (USGS) and primary data collected through fieldwork. While such an arrangement provides the displaced persons with a source of livelihood, it is by nature riddled with uncertainties as the owner of the land can at any time dismiss the laborers. Description. In contrast, the Brahmaputra in India becomes an extensively braided river with Department of Geography, University of Allahabad, Department of Geography, Delhi University, http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/1813_PART_B_DCHB_JORHAT.pdf, http://jorhat.gov.in/images/FOrms/DM-majuli.pdf, http://www.indianfolklore.org/journals/index.php/Ish/article/download/449/51423, http://brahmaputraboard.gov.in/NER/Archive/report_on_protection_of_majuli_island_from_floods_and_erosion.pdf, https://www.itc.nl/library/papers_2013/msc/gfm/sarma.pdf, Circle Office of the Revenue Circle of Majuli, Source: Disaster Management Plan for Majuli Sub-Division, 2013.

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