-- ] opposite tendencies in a l l phenomena and processes of nature (including mind and society). Part II - Who and what was responsible for the two world wars in the 20th century? (Spinoza?) Idealism is clerical obscurantism. 834.L. ), Paul Volkmann (see his Erkenntnistheoretische Grundzüge,* S.). Dialectics as living, many-sided knowledge (with the number of sides eternally increasing), with an infinite number of shades of every approach and approximation to reality (with a philosophical system growing into a whole out of each shade) -- here we have an immeasurably rich content as compared with "metaphysical" materialism, the fundamental misfortune of which is its inability to apply dialectics to the Bildertheorie,** to the process and development of knowledge. [p.355] Your email address will not be published. page 360 And clerical obscurantism (= The unity (coincidence, identity, equal action) of opposites is conditional, temporary, transitory, relative. Every individual is (in one way or another) a universal. The reference is to the use by Josef Dietzgen of the term "überschwenglich," which means: exaggerated, excessive, infinite; for example, in the book Kleinere philosophische Schriften (Minor Philosophical Writings ), Stuttgart, 1903, p. 204, Dietzgen uses this term as follows: "absolute and relative are not inifinitely separated." 197, pp. The reference is to the use by Josef Dietzgen of the term "überschwenglich," which means: exaggerated, excessive, infinite; for example, in the book Kleinere philosophische Schriften (Minor Philosophical Writings ), Stuttgart, 1903, p. 204, Dietzgen uses this term as follows: "absolute and relative are not inifinitely separated."     Pharmaceutical Companies reap mega profits from Covid-19 Crisis, Pharmaceutical Industry and the Super-Exploitation of Workers. In a certain sense both are correct) is the recognition (discovery) of the contradictory, mutually exclusive, Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment.     or two historically observable?) In his Capital, Marx first analyses the simplest, most ordinary and fundamental, most common and everyday relation of bourgeois (commodity) society, a relation en countered billions of times, viz. Buch, 4. [¥] [Transcriber's Note: This last sentence carries the following note in the margin: "NB this aphorism". In chemistry: the combination and dissociation of atoms. The question we have to ask after establishing the basic meaning of dialectics, however, is what it means to practice it as a materialist––to do "materialist dialectics" as Trotsky puts it, or "dialectical materialism" as Stalin puts it.     In a certain sense both are correct) is the recognition (discovery) of the contradictory, mutually exclusive. For subjectivism and sophistry the relative is only relative and excludes the absolute. II, S. 40, 3. page 362 In mathematics: + and -. * P. Volkmann Erhenntnistheoretische Grundzüge der Naturuwissenschaften, Leipzig-Berlin, 1910 p. 35. Aristoteles, Metaphysik, translation by Schwegler, Bd. ** theory of reflection --Ed. In this very simple phenomenon (in this "cell" of bour geois society) analysis reveals a l l the contradictions (or *     * Here already we have dialectics (as Hegel's genius recognised): the individual i s the u n i v e r s a I (cf. [p.363], NOTES     Human knowledge is not (or does not follow) a straight line, but a curve, which endlessly approximates a series of circles, a spiral. Comrade K... Download the entire 500+ pages as PDF  "theoretical victory of Marxism compelled its enemies to disguise themselves as Marxist... From the protocol No. The universal exists only in the individual and through the individual.     on the question of dialectics The splitting of a single whole and the cognition of its contradictory parts (see the quotation from Philo on Heraclitus at the beginning of Section III, "On Cognition," in Lassalle's book on Heraclitus [ * ] ) is the e s s e n c e (one of the "essentials," one of the principal, if not the principal, charactetistics or features) of dialectics. [¥],       * See p. 350 of this volume. The fragment "On the Question of Dialectics" is contained in a notebook between the conspectus of Lassalle's book on Heraclitus and the conspectus of Aristotle's Metaphysics. This aspect of dialectics (e.g., in Plekhanov) usually receives inadequate attention: the identity of opposites is taken as the sum-total of e x a m p l e s ["for example, a seed," "for example, primitive communism." Every individual enters incompletely into the universal, etc., etc. [p.363], [136]   H e r e already we have the elements, the germs, the concepts of necessity, of objective connection in nature, etc. opposite tendencies in a l l phenomena and processes of nature (including mind and society). Every universal is (a fragment, or an aspect, or the essence of) an individual. [¥] [Transcriber's Note: This last sentence carries the following note in the margin: "NB this aphorism". 11, art. Here already we  have dialectics (as Hegel's genius recognised): the individual i s the u n i v e r s a l (cf. --Ed. pposite tendencies in a l l phenomena and processes of nature (including mind and society). The second a l o n e furnishes the key to the "self-movement" of everything existing; it alone furnishes the key to the "leaps," to the "break in continuity," to the "transformation into the opposite," to the destruction of the old and the emergence of the new. [p.355] Knowledge is represented in the form of a series of circles both by Hegel (see Logic ) and by the modern "epistemologist" of natural science, the eclectic and foe of Hegelianism (which he did not understand! the exchange of commodi ties. But it is "in the interests of popularisation. The correctness of this aspect of the content of dialectics must be tested by the history of science. NB : The distinction between subjectivism (scepticism, sophistry, etc.) Any fragment, segment, section of this curve can be transformed (transformed one-sidedly) into an independent, complete, straight line, which then (if one does not see the wood for the trees) leads into the quagmire, into clerical obscurantism (where it is  a n c h o r e d by the class interests of the ruling classes). But philosophical idealism is ("m o r e   c o r r e c t l y " and "i n  a d d i t i o n ") a road to clerical obscurantism through  o n e  o f  t h e    s h a d e s of the infinitely complex k n o w I e d g e (dialectical) of man. page 579 [136] .''] philosophical idealism), of course, has epistemological roots, it is not groundless; it is a sterile flower undoubtedly, but a sterile flower that grows on the living tree of living, fer tile, genuine, powerful, omnipotent, objective, absolute human knowledge.

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