hegel philosophy summary

Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). The Superseding of Religion by Philosophy, Part II Hegel's view is completely different. Got it. Hegel was to retain the warmest feelings for the brilliant Hölderlin all his life, despite the poet’s tragic lapse into mental illness, but his friendship with Schelling was soon to founder over differences in philosophy. A Medical View: Hegel as a Panentheist Opinions for Hegel as Panentheist The Role of Religion in Hegel's Philosophy Hegel's doctrine of God provides the means for understanding this fundamental relationship. Hegel’s formal education began when he was three, and it was supplemented by his mother’s teaching Latin to him, an experience that Pinkard surmises explains Hegel’s lifelong love of education. The political context of Hegel’s academic career stands out clearly as a background to his abstruse philosophy, and Hegel the human being emerges as a drinker, a devoted card player, a tobacco snuff addict, and a gasping, bumbling lecturer. Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox. The Meaning of Panentheism A Contrary View: Hegel as a Pantheist Although Hegel stated that God is absolute Spirit and Christianity is the absolute religion, the compatibility of Hegel's doctrine of God with Christian theology has been a … Soon after passing the exam, Hegel wrote the so-called “Tübingen Essay ,” in which he responded to the enthusiasm for Immanuel Kant of his friends Hölderlin and Schelling and divided religion into “objective” (or “dead”) religion, which consists... Start your 48-hour free trial to unlock this Hegel study guide and get instant access to the following: You'll also get access to more than 30,000 additional guides and 300,000 Homework Help questions answered by our experts. Manifest (offenbare) Religion in Actuality: Revealed (geoffenbarte) Two Contradictory Interpretations of Hegel: Theism and Although Hegel stated that God is absolute Spirit and Christianity is the absolute religion, the compatibility of Hegel's doctrine of God with Christian theology has been a matter of continuing and closely argued debate. Ambiguity of Hegel's God: A Systematic Investigation, 10. The Meaning of Pantheism Hegel as a Theist In his introduction to those lectures Hegel said that there is reason in history because ‘reason rules the … Preparation for a Significant Development, 3. Hegel as an Atheist, 11. On Love On leaving college, Hegel did not enter the ministry; instead, wishing to have leisure for the study of philosophy and Greek literature, he became a private tutor. The Evolution of the Human Spirit in Social Consciousness The Structure of Phenomenology of Spirit Reason: The Discovery of the Universal The Evolution of the Human Spirit in Individual Consciousness Our summaries and analyses are written by experts, and your questions are answered by real teachers. By the time Hegel entered the Protestant Seminary at Tübingen University in 1788, he had thoroughly internalized the German ideal ofBildung. He was also said to be poor in oral exposition, a deficiency that was to dog him throughout his life. His philosophy inspired late 19th-century idealists such F.H. (Literary Masterpieces, Critical Compilation). Hegel’s Phenomenology of Spirit (1807) contains chapters on the ancient Greek “religion of art” (Kunstreligion) and on the world-view presented in Sophocles’ Antigone and Oedipus the King.His philosophy of art proper, however, forms part of his philosophy (rather than phenomenology) of spirit. Hegel grew up in the cultural setting of the so-called “hometowns,” a rigidly structured communitarian system soon to be challenged by the modernism bred by the French Revolution. The Concept of the Dialectic Part I Hegel was now able to free himself from the domination of Kant’s influence and to look with a fresh eye on the problem of Christian origins. Hegel's doctrine of God provides the means for understanding this fundamental relationship. Thanks for exploring this SuperSummary Plot Summary of “Hegel: A Biography” by Terry Pinkard. A Transition, 9. This article treats Hegel’s life, thought, and influence. Hegelianism, the collection of philosophical movements that developed out of the thought of the 19th-century German philosopher Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel.The term is here so construed as to exclude Hegel himself and to include, therefore, only the ensuing Hegelian movements. eNotes.com will help you with any book or any question. Please select which sections you would like to print: Corrections? Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel was born on August 27, 1770, to Georg Ludwig Hegel and his wife, Maria Magdalena Louisa Hegel, in the city of Stuttgart in the small south German duchy of Württemberg. The Concept of Geist Translator of Hegel's. Though his fellow students called him “the old man,” he liked cheerful company and a “sacrifice to Bacchus” and enjoyed the company of women as well. Self-consciousness: The Discovery of Self Hegel began to suffer from melancholia and, to cure himself, worked harder than ever, especially at Greek philosophy and modern history and politics. From 1788 to 1793 he studied classics, philosophy, and theology at the University of Tübingen, earning an M.A. Hegel was lonely in Berne and was glad to move, at the end of 1796, to Frankfurt am Main, where Hölderlin had gotten him a tutorship. The second essay was an answer to the question of how Christianity had ever become the authoritarian religion that it was, if in fact the teaching of Jesus was not authoritarian but rationalistic. The Hegelian Answer: The Truth of Manifest (Offenbare) His chief friends during that period were a pantheistic poet, J.C.F. The Dialectic of Religion in the Form of Art Although Hegel did not enjoy his years at Tübingen, he made two close friends—Friedrich Hölderlin and Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph Schelling—whose alienation from the seminary was to be a major factor in Hegel’s turn toward philosophy and away from a pastor’s life. Moore and Bertrand Russell, both pioneering figures in British analytic philosophy—as in his positive impact. The Ethical Challenge of Auschwitz and Hiroshima. Kant had maintained that, whereas orthodoxy requires a faith in historical facts and in doctrines that reason alone cannot justify and imposes on the faithful a moral system of arbitrary commands alleged to be revealed, Jesus, on the contrary, had originally taught a rational morality, which was reconcilable with the teaching of Kant’s ethical works, and a religion that, unlike Judaism, was adapted to the reason of all people. Hegel Summary by Terry Pinkard. Interpetations of Hegel as Pantheistic and the Superseding of Religion by Philosophy Hegel: A Biography Summary. For the next three years he lived in Berne, with time on his hands and the run of a good library, where he read Edward Gibbon on the fall of the Roman Empire and De l’esprit des loix (1750; The Spirit of Laws), by Charles Louis, baron de Montesquieu, as well as the Greek and Roman classics. Spirit The Hegels were not members of the Ehrbarkeit, the elite “non-noble notables” of Württemberg, although Hegel’s father had studied law and had a good position at the court revenue office, and his mother’s father had been a lawyer at the High Court of Justice. The Jena Period: The Concepts of the Dialectic and Geist, This website uses cookies to ensure you get the best experience. His work, following upon that of Immanuel Kant, Johann Gottlieb Fichte, and Friedrich Schelling, thus marks the pinnacle of classical German philosophy. Updates? Pinkard succeeds admirably in developing these themes in a narrative that shifts back and forth between events in Hegel’s life and analyses of Hegel’s difficult works. Hegel’s philosophy is a “speculative mode of cognition” (i.e. Start Your Free Trial ... but his friendship with Schelling was soon to founder over differences in philosophy. The first of these was a life of Jesus in which Hegel attempted to reinterpret the Gospel on Kantian lines. Bradley, spurred the development of existentialism beginning with Søren Kierkegaard, and was adapted in part in the dialectical materialism of Karl Marx. By signing up for this email, you are agreeing to news, offers, and information from Encyclopaedia Britannica. For Hegel, thought is not philosophical if it is not also religious. Analytic understanding is only adequate for natural science and practical everyday life, not for philosophy. Hegel’s Knowledge of Art. Hegel and Spinoza, 12. What Pinkard stresses about Hegel are his enthusiasm for the French Revolution and Napoleon, and his consequent lifelong desire to create a modern state distinguished by its freedoms; his devotion to the concept of Bildung, or the cultivation of taste, education, culture, and the appreciation of art; and his search for a middle way between, on the one hand, the particularist values that he absorbed while growing up in the Württemberg of the last years of the Holy Roman Empire, and, on the other hand, the unifying nationalism that he felt the postrevolutionary era demanded. of the People, 1. Together they read the Greek tragedians and celebrated the glories of the French Revolution. Hegel's 'Religious' Philosophy: The unfolding of Religion as Philosophy's Quest for 'Eternal Truth', 5. All three together are called "ethical Jerusalem Research Paper Topics life" ( Sittlichkeit ).. Geist, 6. Dialectic reason s not concerned with Kant's "transcendent", nor with the abstract "mutilated" parts of reality, but with reality as a totality, and therefore gives true knowledge. In Stuttgart, Hegel’s birthplace, he attended grammar schools from the age of three and the Gymnasium Illustre, an academic preparatory school, from the age of six or seven. Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. Ill health forced Hegel’s return to Stuttgart in 1793, and the church authorities allowed him to take his theological exam early. Learn more. "The Life of Jesus" Our editors will review what you’ve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. Omissions? His work, following upon that of Immanuel Kant, Johann Gottlieb Fichte, and Friedrich Schelling, thus marks the pinnacle of classical German philosophy.

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