Truman commuted his sentence to life in prison. His father was very active in the Democratic Party. Truman asked her if there was anything he could do for her; she replied, "Is there anything we can do for you? [228], In 1948, Truman ordered an addition to the exterior of the White House: a second-floor balcony in the south portico, which came to be known as the Truman Balcony. On November 1, 1950, two Puerto Rican nationals, Oscar Collazo and Griselio Torresola stormed the Blair House where the Trumans were staying while the White House was being renovated. Pendergast appointed Truman to a position as an overseer of highways, and after a year, chose him to run for one of three county-judge positions in Jackson County. In spite of a generally shy and modest temperament, Truman captured the respect and admiration of his men and led them successfully through heavy fighting during the Meuse-Argonne campaign. Following are ten key facts that are important to understanding the life and presidency of the 33rd president of the United States.. Truman announced his domestic policy initiative, the “Fair Deal” program, in his 1949 State of the Union address. [69], Shortly before the wedding, Truman and Jacobson opened a haberdashery together at 104 West 12th Street in downtown Kansas City. Harry S. Truman was Franklin Delano Roosevelt’s vice president for just 82 days before Roosevelt died and Truman became the 33rd president. [279], On December 5, 1972, Truman was admitted to Kansas City's Research Hospital and Medical Center with pneumonia. On June 25, the Allies initiated the Berlin Airlift, a campaign to deliver food, coal and other supplies using military aircraft on a massive scale. [21] He then took on a series of clerical jobs, and was employed briefly in the mail room of The Kansas City Star. In the November election, Truman defeated Republican Manvel H. Davis by 51–49 percent. [202] By early 1951 the war became a fierce stalemate at about the 38th parallel where it had begun. [66], Truman was awarded a World War I Victory Medal with two battle clasps (for St. Mihiel and Meuse-Argonne) and a Defensive Sector Clasp. After a brief wave of public support for his decision, criticism mounted. After retiring from the presidency, Truman returned to Independence, Missouri, where he wrote his memoirs, oversaw the construction of his presidential library and took long walks. [197] Truman promptly urged the United Nations to intervene; it did, authorizing troops under the UN flag led by U.S. General Douglas MacArthur. One reason for the press's inaccurate projection was that polls were conducted primarily by telephone, but many people, including much of Truman's populist base, did not yet own a telephone. Stone.[109]. The main mission of the committee was to expose and fight waste and corruption in the gigantic government wartime contracts. Though he was 33 years-old—two years older than the age limit for the draft—and eligible for exemption as a farmer, he helped organize his National Guard regiment, which was ultimately called into service in the 129th Field Artillery. [296] According to historian Donald R. McCoy in his book on the Truman presidency: Harry Truman himself gave a strong and far-from-incorrect impression of being a tough, concerned and direct leader. Wallace was disliked by many of the senior Democrats in Washington, and since it was apparent that Roosevelt might not survive his fourth term, the vice presidential pick was especially important. In the early weeks of the war, the North Koreans easily pushed back their southern counterparts. [259] He taught occasional courses at universities, including Yale, where he was a Chubb Fellow visiting lecturer in 1958. [203], —Truman to biographer Merle Miller, 1972, posthumously quoted in Time magazine, 1973, The dismissal of General Douglas MacArthur was among the least politically popular decisions in presidential history. [101][102] Roosevelt rarely contacted him, even to inform him of major decisions; the president and vice president met alone together only twice during their time in office. He was named for his maternal uncle, Harrison "Harry" Young. Also critical were the contacts he had made statewide in his capacity as a county official, member of the Masons, military reservist, and member of the American Legion. "[206], Truman and his generals considered the use of nuclear weapons against the Chinese army, but ultimately chose not to escalate the war to a nuclear level. [302] Truman was also a member of Sons of the American Revolution (SAR)[303] and the Sons of Confederate Veterans. This public reassessment of Truman was aided by the popularity of a book of reminiscences Truman had recounted to journalist Merle Miller beginning in 1961, with the agreement that they would not be published until after Truman's death. Liberal opposition to Spain had faded after the Wallace element broke with the Democratic Party in 1948; the CIO became passive on the issue. By the time Truman received this information he had changed his mind, so he never sought notarization. Truman left office in 1953 and died in 1972. As the newer West Wing, including the Oval Office, remained open, Truman walked to and from his work across the street each morning and afternoon. When World War I erupted, Truman volunteered for duty. Admitting he was "overruled and worn down," Truman relented and sent an ambassador and made loans available.[219]. The costs of the war effort had been enormous, and Truman was intent on diminishing military services as quickly as possible to curtail the government's military expenditures. [245] This provoked a storm of criticism from southern Democrats in the runup to the national nominating convention, but Truman refused to compromise, saying: "My forebears were Confederates ... but my very stomach turned over when I had learned that Negro soldiers, just back from overseas, were being dumped out of Army trucks in Mississippi and beaten.
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