general encyclopedia

1–8, Zagreb, 1955–71). Complete editions of the following specialized encyclopedias had been published by the mid-1970’s. in alphabetical arrangement, covering all branches of knowledge or all aspects of one subject. Other socialist countries. Noteworthy among the various Russian encyclopedias of the 19th century was the Nastol’nyi slovar’ dlia spravok po vsem otrasliam znanii (Desk-size Reference Dictionary of All Branches of Knowledge, vols. (4 vols. Notable multivolume juvenile encyclopedias are The Book of Knowledge (1910), World Book Encyclopedia (1917), Britannica Junior (1934), Compton's Pictured Encyclopedia (1922), and Merit Students Encyclopedia (1967). 1–3, 1863–64), edited by F. G. Toll’, a member of the Petrashevskii circle; the dictionary’s Neobkhodimoe dopolnitel’noeprilozhenie (Indispensable Supplementary Appendix) was published in 1866–67, followed by Dopolnenie k Nastol’nomu slovariu F. Tollia (Supplement to the Desk-size Dictionary of F. Toll’) in 1875–77. Wikipedia and the Future of the Past", Errors and inconsistencies in several printed reference books and encyclopedias, Digital encyclopedias put the world at your fingertips, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Encyclopedia&oldid=980923385, Pages containing links to subscription-only content, Wikipedia indefinitely semi-protected pages, Wikipedia indefinitely move-protected pages, All Wikipedia articles written in American English, Articles containing Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text, Articles with unsourced statements from February 2010, Articles with unsourced statements from February 2012, Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from Collier's Encyclopedia, Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the Encyclopedia Americana with a Wikisource reference, Wikipedia articles incorporating citation to the NSRW, Wikipedia articles incorporating citation to the NSRW with an wstitle parameter, Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica with Wikisource reference, Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the Nuttall Encyclopedia, Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the New International Encyclopedia, Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from The American Cyclopaedia, Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from The American Cyclopaedia with a Wikisource reference, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. List of online encyclopedias General reference. For the reader who wishes to obtain more thorough and detailed information, references are cited in the text, at the end of an article, at the end of each volume, or in a special bibliographic volume. As several titles illustrate, there was not a settled notion about its spelling nor its status as a noun. There have historically been two main methods of organizing printed encyclopedias: the, As modern multimedia and the information age have evolved, new methods have emerged for the collection, verification, summation, and presentation of information of all kinds. In 1835 the book publisher A. [2][20] There are differences in content as well. (5 vols. https://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/General+encyclopedia, SIRS SIRS 3 TOM Newsbank Information Finder/ World Book 4 Newsbank Information Finder/ Encarta World Book Encyclopedia 5 Information Finder/ MAS (EBSCO) Newsbank 6 MAS (EBSCO) Compton's Encyclopedia MAS (EBSCO) 7 SIRS TOM DISCovering Authors 8 Mammals Mammals TOM (both titles) (both titles) 9 Microsoft Bookshelf DISCovering Authors Time Almanac 10 World Atlas ProQuest/ UMI ProQuest and Resource One Comptons Encyclopedia In 1997, the, xreferplus has a slight edge in business and geography, and it also has four, (For simpler and more basic presentations of scientific topics, you may prefer to consult, Neither do Grolier, Compton's, Encyclopaedia Britannica (though it has some excellent freebies), or World Book (which offers superb sample articles related to current events, such as the article it offered in September about hurricanes), just to name the publishers of the, But aside from Microsoft's Encarta '99 DVD-ROM Reference Suite (which includes the Encarta Deluxe Encyclopedia and retails for less than $90) and Microsoft's Encarta Deluxe '99 DVD-ROM Encyclopedia (which lists for less than $60), there are only two other, Usually, I have trouble picking the best for every category (, Dictionary, Encyclopedia and Thesaurus - The Free Dictionary, the webmaster's page for free fun content, Agricultural Encyclopedias and Dictionaries, User orientation for the Electronic Encyclopedia, xreferplus heats up ready reference race: this database provides wide-ranging content and exceptional cross-referencing. One of the earliest encyclopedic works to have survived to modern times is the Naturalis Historiae of Pliny the Elder, a Roman statesman living in the first century AD. Important American encyclopedias include Collier's Encyclopedia (24 vol., 1949–51) and Encyclopedia International (20 vol., 1963). Inexpensive (“paperback”) editions of encyclopedias and minieditions are growing. of Paris and became one of the most celebrated and zealous teachers at Oxford...... Click the link for more information. Notable multivolume juvenile encyclopedias are The Book of Knowledge (1910), World Book Encyclopedia (1917), Britannica Junior (1934), Compton's Pictured Encyclopedia (1922), and Merit Students Encyclopedia (1967). Another product of the computer age is the Wikipedia, an Internet-based on-line encyclopedia (est. . By the early 20th century, those involved in the publication of encyclopedias were able to draw on the experience obtained in the compilation of 19th-century encyclopedias in Russia and abroad. During the Renaissance, the creation of printing allowed a wider diffusion of encyclopedias and every scholar could have his or her own copy. Encyclopedias may contain different types of articles—namely, survey articles, informational articles, definitions (articles that only define a term and, in cases of foreign derivation, give the term’s etymology), and cross-references (which refer the reader to other articles). State-sponsored encyclopedia. The word encyclopedia (encyclo|pedia) comes from the Koine Greek ἐγκύκλιος παιδεία,[8] transliterated enkyklios paedia, meaning "general education" from enkyklios (ἐγκύκλιος), meaning "circular, recurrent, required regularly, general"[9] and paedia (παιδεία), meaning "education, rearing of a child"; together, the phrase literally translates as "complete instruction" or "complete knowledge". The best known of these were World Book and Funk and Wagnalls. 1–26, 1967–73; State Prize of the USSR, 1976, History of Ukrainian Art, vols. Get information and homework help with millions of articles in our FREE, online library. The Bulgarian Academy of Sciences has published the Kratka bulgarska entsiklopediia (Concise Bulgarian Encyclopedia, vols. The oldest of the great universal encyclopedias still being published in the capitalist countries is the Encyclopaedia Britannica. The Lexicographic Institute of Yugoslavia published the Enciklopedija Leksikografskog zavoda (Encyclopedia of the Lexicographic Institute, vols. Increasingly greater importance is attached to the extent and quality of bibliographic material. The part entitled "Morals" is of unknown authorship, but is not by him...... Click the link for more information. An encyclopedia or encyclopaedia (British English) is a reference work or compendium providing summaries of knowledge either from all branches or from a particular field or discipline. 1–5, 1961–67, Concise Geographical Encyclopedia, vols. 1–12, 1971–78) was an important event in Soviet encyclopedia publishing. Some specialized encyclopedias are in many volumes, such as the Encyclopedia of Philosophy, the International Encyclopedia of the Social Sciences, the Encyclopedia of Islam, and the New Grove Dictionary of Music. published). 1–5, 1960–66, Agricultural Encyclopedia, vols. [38] Critics argue Wikipedia exhibits systemic bias.[39][40]. The Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary, published in St. Petersburg between 1890 and 1907, consisted of 82 half-volumes and four supplementary half-volumes. 1–3, 1953–55; vols. 1–7, 1925–28), Torgovaia entsiklopediia (Trade Encyclopedia, vols. 1–6, 1968–76, Great Medical Encyclopedia, 2nd ed., vols. By the early 20th century, those involved in the publication of encyclopedias were able to draw on the experience obtained in the compilation of 19th-century encyclopedias in Russia and abroad. Focuses on topics of cultural and historical Greek and, Focuses on topics dealing with Greek and Roman mythology and people, Focuses on topic relating to Greek and Roman geography, Covers subjects of classical antiquity; text from 1898, Searchable online English-language version including many biographies, Biographical dictionary and database of Swiss visual art. The 20th-century encyclopedias are highly informative; they endeavor to cover each subject thoroughly and to provide accurate bibliographic information. [24] Notable works include Abu Bakr al-Razi's encyclopedia of science, the Mutazilite Al-Kindi's prolific output of 270 books, and Ibn Sina's medical encyclopedia, which was a standard reference work for centuries. An atlasatlas,in geography, collection of maps or charts. The number of articles increases, and their length is reduced correspondingly. [27], Medieval encyclopedias were all hand-copied and thus available mostly to wealthy patrons or monastic men of learning; they were expensive, and usually written for those extending knowledge rather than those using it.[28]. An atlasatlas,in geography, collection of maps or charts. The largest online encyclopedias are general reference works. Wikipedia, a crowd-sourced, multilingual, open licence, free online encyclopedia supported by the non-profit Wikimedia Foundation and open source MediaWiki software opened in 2001. The first edition of the Encyclopaedia Britannica was published in three volumes (1768–71). General interest encyclopedia published by, The site lets editors create any page on any topic, General interest, users can submit articles on the topic of essentially anything, General interest articles are released under a GNU license. There are several much smaller, usually more specialized, encyclopedias on various themes, sometimes dedicated to a specific geographic region or time period. Among the smaller general encyclopedic dictionaries that were popular in the late 19th and early 20th centuries were M. M. Filippov’s Encyclopedic Dictionary (or Scientific-Encyclopedic Dictionary, vols. , Roger BaconBacon, Roger,c.1214–1294?, English scholastic philosopher and scientist, a Franciscan. When this worked, capital would rise and there would be a steady income for encyclopedias. [16] More commonly, François Rabelais is cited for his use of the term in Pantagruel (1532).[17][18]. On this, rather than on Ephraim Chambers's Cyclopaedia (1st ed. See E. P. Sheehy, Guide to Reference Books (annual supplement); R. L. Collison, Encyclopaedias: … (7 vols. 1–4, Prague, 1962–67) and is planning to publish a six-volume encyclopedia in Slovakia. [41] One example is the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy.

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